Plumbing issues cost U.S. homeowners over $10 billion annually, often due to preventable problems such as leaks, clogs, or inadequate maintenance.

With the average American household using up to 300 gallons of water per day, it's essential to understand how pipes function and perform regular maintenance. One often-overlooked but highly effective way to prevent major plumbing disasters is through a sewer scope inspection, which helps detect hidden issues like tree root intrusion or pipe damage before they turn into expensive repairs.

In this guide, we’ll cover the basics you need to know to avoid costly repairs and keep your water flowing efficiently. 

What is Plumbing?

Plumbing refers to the system of pipes, fixtures, and fittings installed in buildings for the distribution of water and the removal of wastewater. It includes everything from your kitchen sink and bathroom shower to underground sewer lines.

There are two key systems:

• Water supply system – brings clean water into your home.
• Drain-waste-vent (DWV) system – removes used water and waste.

How Does Plumbing Work?

Plumbing systems work by using two separate subsystems:

The Water Supply System – This system brings clean water into your home. It typically connects to a city water line or a well. Water enters under pressure, allowing it to travel upstairs, around corners, and to various fixtures like sinks, showers, and appliances. Valves and faucets control the flow.

The Drainage System (Wastewater System) – After water is used, it becomes wastewater and needs to exit the home. This system relies on gravity, not pressure. Pipes are angled downward to allow wastewater to flow out toward the sewer or septic system. Vents help release air so the water flows freely, and traps under sinks prevent sewer gases from entering the house.

Together, these systems ensure clean water comes in and dirty water goes out—quietly and efficiently behind your walls.

Common Plumbing Problems (Leakage, Clogs)

Even well-maintained homes can experience plumbing issues. Here are two of the most common:

Leaks – A dripping faucet, running toilet, or hidden pipe leak may seem minor, but they can waste hundreds of gallons of water and significantly increase your utility bills. Over time, leaks can also lead to water damage, mold, and structural issues.

Clogs – Blocked drains in sinks, toilets, or showers are often caused by hair, grease, or soap buildup. While minor clogs can be fixed with basic tools, stubborn or recurring blockages may require a professional inspection using a sewer camera. This technology helps locate the exact cause and position of the blockage deep within the pipes or main sewer line.

Other common problems include:

• Low water pressure
• Noisy or banging pipes (water hammer)
• Slow drainage
• Frozen pipes in cold climates

Spotting these issues early—and using tools like a sewer camera for accurate diagnostics—can help you avoid costly repairs and keep your plumbing system running smoothly.

How to Maintain Plumbing？

Proper plumbing maintenance can prevent costly repairs and extend the life of your system. Here are some key tips:

1. Check for Leaks Regularly – Inspect faucets, toilets, and exposed pipes. Even small drips can lead to water waste and hidden damage over time.
   
2. Avoid Clogs – Don’t pour grease down the sink, and use drain screens to catch hair and debris. Flush only toilet paper—no wipes or hygiene products.
   
3. Use a Sewer Camera for Inspection – Schedule a professional sewer camera inspection for older homes or recurring drainage issues to detect blockages, cracks, or tree root intrusion before they worsen. 
   
4. Protect Pipes in Winter – In cold climates, insulate exposed pipes and keep cabinet doors open to allow warm air to circulate. Let faucets drip slightly during freezing nights.
   
5. Flush Water Heater Annually – This removes sediment buildup, improves efficiency, and extends the heater’s lifespan.
   
6. Know Where the Shut-Off Valve Is – In case of an emergency, quickly turning off the water can prevent serious flooding or damage.
   

Routine maintenance helps you catch small problems early and keeps water flowing safely throughout your home.

When to Call a Professional Plumber?

It’s a good idea to call a professional plumber when things go beyond a quick DIY fix. If you’re dealing with constant leaks, clogged drains that keep coming back, weak water pressure, or no hot water at all—it’s time to get help. Bigger problems like frozen pipes, sewer backups, or installing new fixtures shouldn’t be handled alone. Pros have the right tools, like sewer cameras, to see what’s really going on behind the scenes.

Tip: You can actually buy a basic sewer camera yourself to take a look inside the pipes. It’s a handy way to check for obvious issues before deciding if you need to bring in a pro.

Conclusion

Plumbing systems deliver clean water to your home and safely carry wastewater away—something we rely on every day without much thought. But with a basic understanding of how the system works and how to care for it, you can prevent many common issues before they start.

Proper plumbing care isn’t just about repairs—it’s about smart, preventative maintenance. Tools like sewer cameras can help spot hidden problems early, saving you time, money, and unnecessary hassle down the road.

FAQ

1. What Is a Sewer Camera, and When Is It Used?

What is a sewer camera? A sewer camera is a small, waterproof video camera used to inspect the inside of plumbing pipes. It’s typically used to locate blockages, pipe damage, or root intrusion in drain and sewer lines.

2. How Do I Know if I Have a Hidden Leak?

Signs include unusually high water bills, damp spots on walls or floors, mold growth, or the sound of running water when no fixtures are in use. A plumber can use tools like a sewer camera to locate hidden leaks.

3. Can I Fix a Clogged Drain Myself?

For minor clogs, yes—try a plunger or a drain snake. However, if clogs keep coming back, it may indicate a deeper issue in the main line that requires professional inspection.

4. How Often Should Plumbing be Inspected?

We recommend that you have your pipes professionally inspected at least once a year, and more frequently if your home is old or you notice recurring blockages, slow drainage, and other issues.

Click to learn:  Is Sewer Camera Inspection Worth It?